Radionecrosis mimicking pseudo‑progression in a patient with lung cancer and brain metastasis following the combination of anti‑PD‑1 therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery: A case report

Brain metastases (BMs) usually develop in patients with non‑small cell lung cancer. In addition to systemic therapy, radiation therapy and surgery, anti‑programmed death‑ligand 1 (PD‑L1) is another promising clinical anticancer treatment modality. However, the optimal timing drug‑drug interactions of anti‑PD‑L1 other combined treatments remain be elucidated. Treatment associated an increased risk radionecrosis (RN) regardless tumor histology. The present study described a case RN patient adenocarcinoma BM who received therapy. Before treatment, whole brain radiotherapy. During durvalumab intracranial regressed. progression lesions 9 months later prompted second‑line PD‑L1 inhibitor stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). Despite irradiation, progressed further, leading surgical resection. On examination, was detected, but there no evidence metastatic aim longitudinal change magnetic resonance imaging following STR atypical image conditionally important for making accurate preoperative diagnosis.